[Newbie With A Couple Of Questions About Putting Opponent On A Hand]

I play $ 1/2NLHE, bankroll not big enough to go to 2/5. When I have been observing players when I am not in a hand, at 1/2 at Foxwoods the standard pre-flop raise for premium hands is around $17. But.. I have recently seen a lot of slow betting/playing Ks with a raise to $10. Generally any raise from about $6 -10 is usually a mid pair , connected cards, suited connectors and even 2-3 Gappers, You will see some LAGs raise on the button because they are on the button, you do hope it goes down to showdown to see the button's hand.

[Help With Learning The Math]

I use the 4/2 Rule , 4x my outs to the turn and 2x my outs to the river, Also I use the x number of cards left unseen , eg. flop plus my hole cards = 5 , 47 left x amount of outs, then subtract the outs against the 47 giving me an idea of how many bad cards against my good cards giving me x:x odds